Disorders of Kidneys || Kidney(Renal) Failure || Dialysis Haemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis || Kidney Transplantation 

Introduction : 

As we know that the filtration of blood take place in the kidneys, which filter the blood from nitrogenous wastes and these wastes are excrete out the body through urination. Thus kidneys are the most important homeostatic organ of our body and there are different diseases of Kidneys. This article is also on Disorders of Kidneys. Disorders of Kidneys are different in this article I writing specially about Kidney(Renal) Failure. I am also discussing you Dialysis Haemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis and Kidney Transplantation.

Disorders of Kidneys || Kidney(Renal) Failure || Dialysis Haemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis || Kidney Transplantation 

Disorders of Kidneys

Sometimes due to internal and external factors, The normal working of Kidneys may be distributed. There situation are called disorders of the kidney. So some of the common disorders and their cure are described below. The common disorder which I well tell you in this article is Kidney(Renal) Failure.

Kidney(Renal) Failure

Kidney(Renal) Failure is the disorder by which kidney is unable to performs its normal function is known as Kidney(Renal) Failure.

OR

Due to various reasons, the nephrons are progressively destroyed and stop functioning. This condition is termed as Renal failure or Kidney failure.

In Kidney(Renal) Failure, nephrons are not able to filter the blood properly therefore the level of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood increase.

This condition if persist may cause the deathof the patient. To clean the blood of the patient, because the patient kidneys unable to filter the blood from nitrogenous wastes and other wastes, the process of dialysis is used.

Causes of Kidney(Renal) Failure

1. The most common causes are long - term diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. 

2. Severe infection in the kidney and the overuse of medicine (aspirin, ibuprofen, cocaine and acetaminophen) can also cause Kidney(Renal) Failure.

3. Complications like increase in blood pressure(B.P) and anaemia etc.

4. Due to infection when the glomerulus parts of nephrons are progressively destroyed and stop functioning.

5. Another reason for the Kidney(Renal) Failure is the kidney stones which damage the kidney and block the urine pathway.

6. Some chemical are also causing agent of Kidney(Renal) Failure. 

Symptoms of Kidney(Renal) Failure

1. It causes weight loss, vomiting, Burning in urethra, nausea, and blood in the urine.

2. Due to excess fluid in the blood, there is swelling in the legs, feet and face.

Treatment of Kidney(Renal) Failure

Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation

Dialysis 

Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis  

Two types of treatment are given to the patient of Kidney(Renal) Failure which are given below.

1. Dialysis 

2. Kidney Transplantation 

There are two various types of dialysis in these two types one of them is given to patient.

1. Haemodialysis

2. Peritoneal dialysis

Dialysis || Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis

1. Dialysis:

Naming:

Dialysis is a Greek word which means separation.

So it is defined as,

The process in which blood is cleaned from nitrogenous wastes are called dialysis.

OR

The cleaning of the blood of the patient suffering from Renal Failure (by using artificial method) is called dialysis.

It is done when the kidneys are damaged or failed.

In dialysis the blood and a dialysis fluid are kept on opposite sides of membrane. The nitrogenous wastes of blood pass through the membrane and enter the dialysis fluid. In this way,the blood is purified.

There are two types of dialysis.

1. Haemodialysis 
2. Peritoneal dialysis 

1. Haemodialysis:

Naming :

Word Haemo refer to blood, dialysis means separation.

So it is defined as,

The type of dialysis in which blood is cleaned with the help of artificial kidneys (dialyzer) is called Haemodialysis. 

In this method blood is passed through a machine called dialyzer. The dialyzer contains tubes, the wall of which are made of semi-permeable membrane.Blood flows inside the tube while the dialysis fluid flows outside. Extra water and wastes diffuse from the body into the dialysis fluid. The purified blood then returned back to the body.

Method:

In this method blood from the arm of a patient is diverted into a (dialyzer ). The tubes in dialyzer machine are semi - permeable. When blood flows in these tubes urea and other wastes products diffuse out into the dial fluid and useful subatances are retained in the body. This form of dialysis can be done at home.

Time Required :

Dialysis usually takes 2-3 hours. It is done two or three times in a week depending on the condition of patient.

2. Peritoneal dialysis :

Peritoneal dialysis is also called body cavity dialysis.

In the abdomen, the space around the gut (alimentary canal) is called the Peritoneal cavity. The walls of the Peritoneal cavity are lined by a thin membrane called peritoneum. The peritoneum has a large number of blood vessels in it.

Method :

In this method, the dialysis fluid is filled in the Peritoneal cavity a catheter. The waste materials present in the blood vessels of the Peritoneal membrane diffuse into the dialysis fluid. After some time the dialysis fluid is drained. This process is repeated several times in a day. This form of dialysis can be done at home.

Science, Technology and Society

Drinking plenty of water(at least eight(8) glasses) daily is crucial for the human body.

Importance or Function 

1. It regulates the body temperature and transport nutrients and oxygen into the cells.

2. It moistens the air in our lungs, protects our organs and helps them obtain nutrients.

3. It also detoxifies, protects and moistens the joints.

4. Wastes products are removed from our body in the form of solution.

5. Dehydration can be dangerous so it is important to drink water and stay hydrated.

2. Kidney Transplantation :

It is the advanced treatment of Kidney(Renal) Failure.

Method :

In this method of treatment, a healthy kidney from donor is transplanted in the patient's body. The donor of Kidney may be a deceased person or living one. A living - donor may or may not be a relative of the patient. In all cases, the donor's kidney is matched with the patient's immune system.

Conclusion:

In conclusion we can conclude the importance of Kidneys and also known disorders of Kidneys. And this is our dute to educate others about it, So first you complete read this article and also share to your friends and anyone. At the last of the conclusion of this article I am telling you to drink water daily. Drink about eight glasses per day and also says this to your home members. Because Kidney(Renal) Failure is very dangerous disease and there is not permenat treatment of this disease. Dialysis is done again and again but it is not a permanent treatment. Because of this disease you may cause death.

What is Dialyzer?

Dialyzer is a machine that works on the same principle as the kidney for removing the nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body. It is used after Kidney(Renal) Failure. Dialysis is done again and again but it is not a permanent treatment.

What is the principle of dialysis?

Dialysis works on the same principle as the healthy kidney for removing of nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the blood. This process is used after Kidney(Renal) Failure. Dialysis is not the permanent treatment. Dialysis may be performed by two ways. a. Haemodialysis. b. Peritoneal dialysis.

Which term is used for the disease where one or both kidneys do not perform their function?

The Kidney(Renal) Failure is used for the disease in which one or both kidneys do not perform their function. As we know from the definition of Kidney(Renal) Failure that, The disease in which one or both kidneys are demaged or do not perform their normal working or function are called Kidney(Renal) Failure.

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